ECB - European Central Bank

External finance premium: market finance versus bank finance

about 4 hours ago

This paper is the first to simultaneously examine firms’ market-based and bank-based...

The supply chain spillovers of private equity buyouts

about 4 hours ago

We study how private equity (PE) buyouts propagate through supply chains using...

Energy security and industrial competitiveness: the case for a European Energy Union

1 day ago

The European energy market remains heavily reliant on imported fossil fuels and...

Assessing cross-border integration of equity markets in the euro area: evidence from a gravity model

4 days ago

Euro area financial markets hold significant untapped potential: deeper cross-border integration would...

Tariffs and foreign direct investment – a nuanced relationship

4 days ago

Tariffs have re-emerged as a key policy tool amid rising protectionism, renewed...

Economic Bulletin Issue 3, 2026

4 days ago

Dispersion in real GDP growth across euro area countries: developments and drivers

4 days ago

This box examines developments and drivers of dispersion in real GDP growth...

What’s new in the HICP? The 2026 classification update and its implications for inflation analysis

4 days ago

The European Central Bank (ECB) defines its price stability target in terms...

What drives employment trends among older workers?

6 days ago

This box shows that older workers have contributed significantly to euro area...

Drivers of the labour force in the euro area

6 days ago

This article examines the drivers and macroeconomic implications of the recent significant...

The role of biodiversity risk in shaping bank lending decisions

6 days ago

We examine whether banks incorporate firm-level biodiversity risk into their lending decisions...

The role of judgement in supervisory scores and additional capital requirements assigned to banks

6 days ago

We empirically analyse the role of judgement in assigning overall scores by...